In Europe, the main equivalent would be the giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum. Several Rhus and Cotinus can be found in gardens but they normally don't cause problems unless mowed. Fig trees can be surprisingly dangerous also.

If you are allergic to Poison ivy you probably want to avoid cashews nuts (watch for them in cocktail mixes). The nuts can trigger an allergy in sensitive people if eaten. Poison ivy is a relative of the cashew.