No, generally the credit card company receives a message with the following data - card info (duh), amount, merchant ID, merchant category. So they don't have to guess if 'McGuffin ltd' is a pharmacy or a restaurant, and they may know that you shop at mcdonalds often, or have never bought anything from a pharmacy, but no more than that.
I don't recall if a single merchant may/must offer different codes depending on the type of goods sold (i.e., a gym selling a membership vs selling a soda). I believe not, but it might be an option.
The only place that would get such itemised info is the multi-store loyalty cards; those do link a person to itemised purchases.
I think there are certain stores that routinely report itemised info. I just posted this link in another comment thread but check out the https://www.visa.com/supplierlocator/ search results for the column 'Enhanced Data Level'.
If you search for the Safeway grocery store at 14444 124th Ave NE Kirkland WA 98034 - the data level cell contains 'Level III Line Item'. I believe this means that at least for Visa, that store is using level 3 credit card processing and line item receipts are reported to Visa.
If you go to Walmart, you will notice when checking out that each item scrolls across the Ingenico POS. I believe they use FirstData (formerly part of AmEx, now privately held by KKR) for their merchant acquirer which is receiving this SKU data. FD used to offer services to the CPG industry using this data.
I don't recall if a single merchant may/must offer different codes depending on the type of goods sold (i.e., a gym selling a membership vs selling a soda). I believe not, but it might be an option.
The only place that would get such itemised info is the multi-store loyalty cards; those do link a person to itemised purchases.