Your feelings towards JavaScript essentially mirror mine, though I've found writing code in TypeScript for Meteor has been a much more pleasant experience and gives me more confidence in the code I write.
Does typescript do type checking at runtime or just compile time? I was really excited about typescript initially, especially for use with Obvious Architecture, but then it looked like it was just compile time, not runtime checking which seems problematic to me.
TypeScript only does enough run-time argument checking to support default argument values.
Full run-time type checking would have overhead. It would also be unnecessary in places where data flows from Typescript function to Typescript function — those places should already be foolproof after the compile-time checks.
https://github.com/orefalo/meteor-typescript-compiler
http://www.typescriptlang.org/