It’s a mod so you can run it against a Quake source port, of which there are Apple Silicon ports:

https://www.macsourceports.com/game/quake?pubDate=20250318

There are also Linux native ports too, so no need to use Proton.

Run it against a source port or with a source port?

With vkQuake on macOS (qbj3 and id1 in /Applications), I get "HOST_ERROR: Model progs/v_axe2.mdl not found"... their docs say if it's not ironwail then "expect issues". :-\

Got the same error, but you just press Esc and you are in the game though.

vkQuake.app works great on Apple silicon Macs.

should run fine with crossover / wine