I don't think so. Upgrading to a newer major version of the C++ runtime essentially involves recompiling, unless you're dealing with an application that's 15 years or older. You can even instruct the compiler to use an older C++ standard if your code won't compile with the newer one. There is also an option to compile the runtime statically, though it is obviously not recommended.
The difference is Go really focused on continuity and compatibility, while .NET didn’t.