> It has a lot of the same problems as just globally pip installing packages
No, it doesn't. It specifically avoids the problem of environment pollution by letting you just make another environment. And it avoids the problem of interfering with the system by not getting added to sys.path by default, and not being in a place that system packages care about. PEP 668 was specifically created in cooperation between the Python team and Linux distro maintainers so that people would use the venvs instead of "globally pip installing packages".
> requires a bit of path mangling to work right, or special python configs, etc. In the past, it's also had a bad habit of leaking dependencies, though that was in some weird setups.
Genuinely no idea what you're talking about and I've been specifically studying this stuff for years.
> It's one of the reasons I would recommend against python for much of anything that needs to be "deployed" vs throw away scripts. UV seems to handle all of this much better.
This is actually what I'm talking about .. Why do I need a whole new python environment rather than just scoping the dependencies of an application to that application? That model makes it significantly harder to manage multiple applications/utilities on a machine, particularly if they have conflicting package versions etc. Being able to scope the dependencies to a specific code base without having to duplicate the rest of the python environment would be much better than a new virtualenv.
> Why do I need a whole new python environment rather than just scoping the dependencies of an application to that application?
If you haven't before, I strongly encourage you to try creating a virtual environment and inspecting what it actually contains.
"A whole new Python environment" is literally just a folder hierarchy and a pyvenv.cfg file, and some symlinks so that the original runtime executable has an alternate path. (On Windows it uses some stub wrapper executables because symlinks are problematic and .exe files are privileged; see e.g. https://paul-moores-notes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/wrappers.... .) And entirely unnecessary activation scripts for convenience.
If you wanted to be able to put multiple versions of dependencies into an environment, and have individual applications see what they need and avoid conflicts, you'd still need folders to organize stuff and config data to explain which dependencies are for which applications.
And you still wouldn't be able to solve the diamond dependency problem because of fundamental issues in the language design (i.e modules are cached, singleton objects).
When you make a virtual environment you don't do anything remotely like "duplicating the rest of the Python environment". You can optionally configure it to "include" the base environment's packages by having them added to sys.path.
> Why do I need a whole new python environment rather than just scoping the dependencies of an application to that application?
But… that’s what a virtualenv is. That’s the whole reason it exists. It lets you run 100 different programs, each with its own different and possibly conflicting dependencies. And yeah, those dependencies are completely isolated from each other.
I think his point is that you could have just had a situation where multiple versions of the same dependency could be installed globally rather than creating a new isolation each time.
No, it doesn't. It specifically avoids the problem of environment pollution by letting you just make another environment. And it avoids the problem of interfering with the system by not getting added to sys.path by default, and not being in a place that system packages care about. PEP 668 was specifically created in cooperation between the Python team and Linux distro maintainers so that people would use the venvs instead of "globally pip installing packages".
> requires a bit of path mangling to work right, or special python configs, etc. In the past, it's also had a bad habit of leaking dependencies, though that was in some weird setups.
Genuinely no idea what you're talking about and I've been specifically studying this stuff for years.
> It's one of the reasons I would recommend against python for much of anything that needs to be "deployed" vs throw away scripts. UV seems to handle all of this much better.
If you're using uv, you're using Python.