For me my internal monologue is replaced by almost entirely images. For example, if I'm learning about something in a programming language I'm mentally diagramming components and imagining how data structures are laid out as a network of items. To the extent that I do verbal thinking while programming it's usually just a internal vocalization for an interjection I would otherwise be tempted to say out loud like "why the fuck is this not working, this SDK is trash". And I only say it to myself internally so as not to interrupt other people around me.
For other things that are less abstract, with a concrete real world appearance, I'm constantly visualizing the outcome like I'm looking at a picture or watching a movie. This also applies to the "things that come to my mind without talking", which you mention. They drift into appearance in my mind as images as well.
For other things that are less abstract, with a concrete real world appearance, I'm constantly visualizing the outcome like I'm looking at a picture or watching a movie. This also applies to the "things that come to my mind without talking", which you mention. They drift into appearance in my mind as images as well.