What the linked article doesn't discuss is that it is possible to get a real-time notification when a trade occurs. The price of the last trade is the mid-point that you are referring to. Algo trading/HFT shops are listening for trades as well as quotes - this is how they know the price that trades are actually happening at.
All trades are made publicly avaiable eventually. The lower latency you want the more you have to pay. And some trades aren't avaiable at low latency for any price.