Some context for Germany:
Before the probation period ends (usually 6 months), a company can fire you without any reason on 2 weeks notice.
After that, it's very hard to fire someone for being sick.
Now to your question:
30 days is the norm for knowledge workers. Days off, including: when you are sick, when your kid is sick so you have to take care of them, special occasions such as death of a close relative, marriage, relocation) don't get counted on these 30 days at all.
It’s 10 (accumulating to 20) here in New Zealand and bereavement is an additional few days - the amount depends on your relationship to the deceased. All the above is paid at your usual rate.
It's 30 days paid holiday per year. The legal minimum is 20-something is most EU countries, but professional jobs tend to have 25-35, depending on the country.
Sick leave is completely independent of that. If you're sick you don't work. If there's any doubt, you get a signed note from a doctor. If the sickness lasts a long time there are eventually other procedures, and after long enough you can lose your job if there's really no reasonable alternative.