This is a double edge sword because this perspective makes me not try hard at my job or take it less seriously. Especially when my boss is griping at me about some mundane task or detail.
I think 99% of work particularly around development of commercial software is largely irrelevant on the larger scale. I fulfill the responsibilities of my job but I don't take it particularly seriously - life is way too short to be concerned about such inconsequential things like yet another CRUD front end dashboard.
I think the thing you have to do is look around and figure out how seriously your bosses & colleagues take their jobs. Caring more than everybody else leads to extreme frustration, and caring less leads to eventual dismissal.
Is the quality of your work a life or death matter? If not, don't take it seriously. Even if you were perfect, it doesn't matter, because nearly all work depends on other work you don't control.
Diligent workers still don't get to approach every single problem with meticulous attention to detail.
Rational, reasonable people nonetheless inevitably hold some inconsistent beliefs.
... and so on.
You can be wrong without being bad.
It can be hard to remember this at an emotional level, especially if you have a history of being belittled for making mistakes, or you feel like you're not taken seriously enough. But it's true! Remind yourself of it. :)
Did anyone die?
No? Then on the scale of important consequences the mistake was statistically inconsequential.
My day is ok.