Not sure how commonly known it is, but TIFF's extended cousin, GeoTIFF, is a standard for GIS data because of the flexibility you describe, especially the (almost) limitless number of channels and the different data format in channels.
At that point you're not dealing with 'images', but instead raster datasets: gridded data. So, you can combine byte t/f results with int16 classification codes, with float32 elevation data, with 4 channels of RGB+Near Infrared imagery data in uint32, plus some arbitrary number of gridded satellite data sources.
That can all be given lossless compression and assigned geotagging headers, and the format itself is (afaik) essentially open.
At that point you're not dealing with 'images', but instead raster datasets: gridded data. So, you can combine byte t/f results with int16 classification codes, with float32 elevation data, with 4 channels of RGB+Near Infrared imagery data in uint32, plus some arbitrary number of gridded satellite data sources.
That can all be given lossless compression and assigned geotagging headers, and the format itself is (afaik) essentially open.
https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/gtiff.html is a good resource for anyone interested.
Edit: Plus, its magic number is 42, which is clearly great:
https://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/com16/tiff-fx/docs/tiff6.pd...
"Bytes 2-3 An arbitrary but carefully chosen number (42) that further identifies the file as a TIFF file"