Not exactly. As I understand it furnace filters will just filter out particulate matter which is measured on the order of micron. It doesn't really do much for VOCs, which are measured on the order of picometers(0.2 microns = 200,000 picometers).
You need another filter like activated charcoal which works differently than particulate filters (adsorption vs merely trapping particles in a winding path)
VOCs are nanometer scale. A rough estimate for atomic bond length in organic compounds is .15 nanometers. CO2, which should be smaller than basically any VOC, is half a nanometer across.
You need another filter like activated charcoal which works differently than particulate filters (adsorption vs merely trapping particles in a winding path)