the HPC crowd are not able to add GPUs, that I know of.. deepLearning group of algorithms do kick butt for lots of kinds of problems+data .. though I will advocate that dl is NOT the only game in town, despite what you often read here
In what context? HPC and certain code bases have been effectively leveraging heterogenous CPU GPU workloads for a variety of applications for quite awhile. I know of some doing so in at least 2009 and know plenty of prior art was already there by that point, it's just a specific time I happen to remember.
ok - the academic study in front of me dated 2020 says "no" but it is non-US researchers, public science. I have no reason to believe one way or the other, but I literally read this today.
reading again - it seems this paper calls HPC with GPUs a slightly different name "GPGPU" and lists the research activity separately.. so I didn't see it as HPC; basically what I wrote is not accurate. got it
