It took less than two years for a Republican Congress to pass the 22nd amendment in 1947 from FDR's death. If the Republican's want Musk as a candidate they have time before 2024 if they immediately move to vote on the amendment and pass it to the states who will be holding legislative sessions next year.
I doubt it would happen, but I'm also not betting on it.
It wouldn't even be worth betting on because the odds of Republicans attempting to pass an amendment allowing foreign born citizens to be president is next to nil.
>On July 10, 2003, Orrin Hatch, chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, took action against what he calls "an anachronism that is decidedly un-American." He introduced a bill that would allow a person who has been a U.S. citizen for 20 years and a resident for 14 years to run for president.
If you keep following that history, you will see how far the Republican party has strayed from the Republican party of 2003.
But I suppose if they were going to present a bill like that again today, the only possible circumstance I could imagine would be the same as in 2004, where a popular republican might want to run for president but isn't a natural born citizen. (this bill was introduced soon after Arnold Schwarzenegger won the governorship in CA.)
It's also just generally against Republican platform to suggest that the constitution is amendable and not some divine document we should chain ourselves to
There aren't any Republicans left, at least not in sufficient numbers to affect the course of events. There are only Trumpists. They could easily be persuaded to back such an amendment.
They may get the chance, too, if a few more state governorships end up in the GOP's hands.