That's not fine and idiomatic in any language I know.

This would be:

    function getDisplayPictureFromId(id) {
        return getUser(id)?.profile?.displayPicture
    }

If the language does not have the null-safe operator '?.' you just write it:

    function nullSafe(obj, callback) {
        if (obj) {
            return callback(obj)
        }
        return null
    }
    function getDisplayPictureFromId(id) {
        return nullSafe(getUser(id),
            (user) => nullSafe(user.profile,
                (profile) => profile.displayPicture)
        ))
    }

Not as nice in this case, but with a few similar functions for composing other functions, you achieve similar benefits to Monads without having the complexity of higher-kinded types.