I don't know about uncomputable but for intractable, I think, and as rco8786 has already pointed out, dynamic programming sorts of fit the bill. Similarly, this is what reinforcement learning does for search. Recursive or sequential monte carlo algorithms where states hold memory across transitions probably also fit this bill. And most generally, this is what humanity does with science, skills and knowledge.

No single human could discover general relativity, but generation after generation, from the first humans who worked out how to count symbolically to the definition of a Lorentzian manifold, we've been leaving caches of knowledge for each other so each next generation could reach ever farther.