The US has no national ID and states have no universal mandatory ID; there are existing biases in practical access to ID, and those have been unaddressed or exacerbated in schemes requiring ID for voting.
A dramatic example would be Alabama adopting a voter ID requirement and then shortly after it became effective, closing the driver's license offices (where IDs are issued; driver's licenses are the main form of state ID and alternative non-driver IDs are generally issued by the same offices sice they use infrastructure originally built for driver's licenses) in 8 of 10 black-majority counties,
including all those where that majority was 75%+ and including the five that voted most strongly Democratic in the preceding Presidential election.
A dramatic example would be Alabama adopting a voter ID requirement and then shortly after it became effective, closing the driver's license offices (where IDs are issued; driver's licenses are the main form of state ID and alternative non-driver IDs are generally issued by the same offices sice they use infrastructure originally built for driver's licenses) in 8 of 10 black-majority counties, including all those where that majority was 75%+ and including the five that voted most strongly Democratic in the preceding Presidential election.
http://www.al.com/opinion/index.ssf/2015/09/alabama_sends_me...